LITERATURE REVIEW, REFERENCES AND SOURCE ANALYSIS
BIBLIOGRAPHY (INFORMATION AND TEXT)
INFORMATION:
Dona, A. & Arvanitoyannios, I., 2009. Health Risks of Genetically Modified Foods. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 1(49), pp. 164-175.
Kikulwe, E., Wesseler, J. & Falck-Zepeda, J., 2008. Introducing a Genetically Modified Banana in Uganda, Washington: International Food Policy Research Institute.
Meek, J., 2003. The Guardian Science UK. [Online]
Available at: http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2003/jan/16/gm.science
[Accessed 05 22 2013].
Monsanto Company, N/A. Why Does Monsanto Sue Farmers Who Save Seeds?. [Online]
Available at: http://www.monsanto.com/newsviews/Pages/why-does-monsanto-sue-farmers-who-save-seeds.aspx
[Accessed 25 May 2013].
Nelson, C., 2001. Risk Perception, Behavior, and Consumer Response to GMOs. American Behavioral Scientist, 44(8), pp. 1371-1388.
Stein, H., 2005. Intellectual Property and Genetically Modified. Northwestern Journal of Tech and Intellectual Property, 3(2), p. All.
Tong, G., 2009. Bold Science needed for Fertile future. In: J. Healey, ed. GM Foods and Crops. Sydney: The Spinney Press, pp. 37-38.
IMAGES:
Stephen, Adam . Hands of GM bananas head for the packers at Mark Nucifora's shed.. N.d. ABC Rural, Queensland. ABC News. Web. 23 May 2013.
Dona, A. & Arvanitoyannios, I., 2009. Health Risks of Genetically Modified Foods. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 1(49), pp. 164-175.
Kikulwe, E., Wesseler, J. & Falck-Zepeda, J., 2008. Introducing a Genetically Modified Banana in Uganda, Washington: International Food Policy Research Institute.
Meek, J., 2003. The Guardian Science UK. [Online]
Available at: http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2003/jan/16/gm.science
[Accessed 05 22 2013].
Monsanto Company, N/A. Why Does Monsanto Sue Farmers Who Save Seeds?. [Online]
Available at: http://www.monsanto.com/newsviews/Pages/why-does-monsanto-sue-farmers-who-save-seeds.aspx
[Accessed 25 May 2013].
Nelson, C., 2001. Risk Perception, Behavior, and Consumer Response to GMOs. American Behavioral Scientist, 44(8), pp. 1371-1388.
Stein, H., 2005. Intellectual Property and Genetically Modified. Northwestern Journal of Tech and Intellectual Property, 3(2), p. All.
Tong, G., 2009. Bold Science needed for Fertile future. In: J. Healey, ed. GM Foods and Crops. Sydney: The Spinney Press, pp. 37-38.
IMAGES:
Stephen, Adam . Hands of GM bananas head for the packers at Mark Nucifora's shed.. N.d. ABC Rural, Queensland. ABC News. Web. 23 May 2013.
SOURCE ANALYSIS
Note that: + represents a benefit of the source, - represents a negative of the source = represents a neutral component of the source
01. (Dona & Arvanitoyannios, 2009) Health risks of GM Foods [4.5/10]
Accuracy: Low
Bias: High
Date: Recent
References: Based on false data, biased
Peer reviewed: No
Bias: High
Date: Recent
References: Based on false data, biased
Peer reviewed: No
+Has a wide variety of resources and references.
-Acknowledged after 18 months that it had ethical problems with review made by the journal publisher
-Scientific bias through its concentration on articles with a non-GM bias refuted and rebutted by scientists in peer reviewed articles, such as claims of toxic effects of GM foods.
-No confirmation of similar negative results
-Sources and references are based on retracted and unpublished data, as well as based on flawed and plagiarized reviews.
-Acknowledged after 18 months that it had ethical problems with review made by the journal publisher
-Scientific bias through its concentration on articles with a non-GM bias refuted and rebutted by scientists in peer reviewed articles, such as claims of toxic effects of GM foods.
-No confirmation of similar negative results
-Sources and references are based on retracted and unpublished data, as well as based on flawed and plagiarized reviews.
02. (Kikulwe, et al., 2008) Introducing a Genetically Modified Banana in Uganda [9/10]
Accuracy: High
Bias: Low
Date: Recent
References: Various non-biased
Peer reviewed: No
+Not biased, as it is an NGO which receives funding from both governments, and private organisations, and is discussing the implications of a GMO
+High accuracy and credibility as it includes various studies of GM bananas and its effects
+Contains various references, some of which are peer reviewed
Bias: Low
Date: Recent
References: Various non-biased
Peer reviewed: No
+Not biased, as it is an NGO which receives funding from both governments, and private organisations, and is discussing the implications of a GMO
+High accuracy and credibility as it includes various studies of GM bananas and its effects
+Contains various references, some of which are peer reviewed
03. (Monsanto Company, N/A.) Why Does Monsanto Sue Farmers Who Save Seeds? [7/10]
Accuracy: Medium
Bias: Medium-High
Date: Unknown
References: Various, mainly to court cases
Not peer reviewed
+describes historical court cases where Monsanto was involved
-may be biased as arguments are one sided
-For-Profit organisation
=cites court cases but doesn't provide links from external parties and their views.
Bias: Medium-High
Date: Unknown
References: Various, mainly to court cases
Not peer reviewed
+describes historical court cases where Monsanto was involved
-may be biased as arguments are one sided
-For-Profit organisation
=cites court cases but doesn't provide links from external parties and their views.
04. (Meek, J., 2003.) IN 10 Years the BANANA COULD BE EXTINCT [6.5/10]
Accuracy: Low-Medium
Bias: Low-Medium
Date: Old (2003)
References: None
Not peer reviewed
-Opinion piece which does provide some arguments from both sides but with little evidence to back it up.
+Refers to various scientists' viewpoints
-Article is 10 years old, and may not as relevant as other sources
Bias: Low-Medium
Date: Old (2003)
References: None
Not peer reviewed
-Opinion piece which does provide some arguments from both sides but with little evidence to back it up.
+Refers to various scientists' viewpoints
-Article is 10 years old, and may not as relevant as other sources
05. (Nelson, C., 2001) Risk Perception, Behavior, and Consumer Response to GMOs. (8.5/10)
Accuracy: High
Bias: Very Low
Date: Old (2001)
References: Many
Peer reviewed and published in a scientific journal
+Cites various reputable and peer-reviewed references and sources.
+Independent researcher from an independent university
-Is over 12 years old, so may be unreliable for new sources of information
+Provides very good detail on the behaviour and consumer response, as well as a clear analysis.
Bias: Very Low
Date: Old (2001)
References: Many
Peer reviewed and published in a scientific journal
+Cites various reputable and peer-reviewed references and sources.
+Independent researcher from an independent university
-Is over 12 years old, so may be unreliable for new sources of information
+Provides very good detail on the behaviour and consumer response, as well as a clear analysis.